What was weed made for

Despite the low value for medical use, the non-payment of this tax, however, resulted in a 2. This law brought difficulties for the use of the plant due to the excessive paperwork and the risk of severe punishment. When cannabis transaction regulations, including prescriptions, were transferred to the tribute area, this law circumvented a decision of the Supreme Court which gave the States the right to control commercial transactions and, in practice, meant banning the use of cannabis in the whole American territory.

Cannabis was removed from the American pharmacopoeia in In the second half of the 20 th century, cannabis reached great social importance due to the explosion of its consumption for hedonistic purposes. Until that time, in the West, the hedonistic use of the plant was limited to small groups. In Europe, groups of intellectuals gathered to use the drug.

Descriptions of this use may be found in novels by 20 th century French writers, such as Gautier and Boudelaire. In the Americas, this practice was relatively common among the Black in the rural area of Northeastern Brazil since the 16 th century, who would meet on weekends to use the drug in groups. This use was later passed on to fishermen of the San Francisco River and by sea to the coastal cities. In the early 20 th century, the use of cannabis in Brazil remained restricted to small low-socioeconomic groups, and was known as the 'opium of the poor'.

Until the 's, in the United States, cannabis use was restricted to the neighborhoods of Blacks and Hispanic immigrants. Since the 's, the recreational use of cannabis rapidly spread among the younger ranges of the population throughout the Western world.

The startling boost in cannabis consumption, which intensified its social importance, along with the better knowledge of its chemical composition which made it possible to obtain its pure constituents contributed to a significant increase in scientific interest for cannabis , as of The number of publications about cannabis reached their peak in the early 's.

In this period, a Brazilian research group, led by Carlini, had a great contribution, especially about the interactions of D 9 -THC with other cannabinoids. The interest in studies about cannabis was renewed in the early 's, with the description and cloning of specific receptors for the cannabinoids in the nervous system and the subsequent isolation of anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid.

Figure 2 shows the evolution of the number of publications about cannabis in the last 50 years. With the growth of scientific interest for cannabis , its therapeutic effects are being once again studied, this time using more accurate scientific methods.

There are studies, in different phases, about the therapeutic effects of D 9 -THC in conditions such as: epilepsy, insomnia, vomits, spasms, pain, glaucoma, asthma, inappetence, Tourette syndrome, and others. Among the therapeutic indications of D 9 -THC the following are considered close to being proven: anti-emetic, stimulant of appetite, analgesic, and in symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis.

At the beginning of , a multinational pharmaceutical laboratory received the approval in Canada, and is pleading authorization in the United Kingdom and the European Union, to market a medication containing D 9 -THC and CBD for the relief of neuropathic pain in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Thus, a new cycle begins for the use of cannabis derivatives as medication, this time more consistently than in the past. The structures of chemical compounds derived from cannabis are now known, the mechanisms of their action in the nervous system are being elucidated with the discovery of an endogenous cannabinoid system, and treatment effectiveness and safety are being scientifically proven.

Abrir menu Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry. Abrir menu. Antonio Waldo Zuardi About the author. Cannabis; Cannabinoids; Tetrahydrocannabinol; History; Therapeutic uses. In , he published the work: ' On the preparations of the Indian hemp, or gunjah ', which, in the first paragraph, establishes a panorama of plant use: 'The narcotic effects of Hemp are popularly known in the south of Africa, South America, Turkey, Egypt, Middle East Asia, India, and the adjacent territories of the Malays, Burmese, and Siamese.

Li HL, Lin H. An archaeological and historical account of cannabis in China. Econ Bot ;28 4 Touwn M. The religious and medicinal uses of Cannabis in China, India and Tibet. J Psychoactive Drugs ;13 1 Leson G, Pless P.

Hemp seed and hemp oil. In: Grotenhermen F, Russo E, eds. Cannabis and cannabinoids. Chapter Li HL. Hallucinogenic plants in Chinese herbals. J Psychodelic Drugs ;10 1 Paris M, Nahas GG. Botany: the unstabilizad species. In: Nahas GG, editor. Marihuana in science and medicine.

New York: Raven Press; Mikuriya TH. Marijuana in medicine: past, present and future. Calif Med ; 1 Aldrich M. History of therapeutic cannabis. In: Mathre ML, eds. Cannabis in medical practice. Jefferson, NC: Mc Farland; Fankhauser M.

History of cannabis in Western Medicine. Cannabis and Cannabinoids. Chapter 4. Pinho AR. Social and medical aspects of the use of cannabis in Brazil. In: Rubin V, eds. Cannabis and culture. Deep Dive: Marijuana. National Conference of State Legislatures. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Heroin, morphine, and other opiates trace their origins to a single plant—the opium poppy.

Cultivation of the plant dates back to the earliest years of human civilization, and opium use was well known in ancient Mesopotamia. The narcotic drug has been used both recreationally German chemists originally synthesized MDMA, or ecstasy, for pharmaceutical purposes in For thousands of years, indigenous people in the Amazon Rainforest and Andes Mountains have chewed coca leaves to get an energetic high.

European scientists first isolated cocaine from coca This week, Senator Cory Booker introduced legislation to legalize marijuana nationwide. A Japanese chemist first synthesized methamphetamine—also called meth, crank, crystal meth or speed—from another stimulant in Methamphetamine was used early on as a medical treatment for narcolepsy, asthma and as a weight-loss drug. LSD, or lysergic acid diethylamide, is a hallucinogenic drug that was first synthesized a Swiss scientist in the s.

The War on Drugs is a phrase used to refer to a government-led initiative that aims to stop illegal drug use, distribution and trade by dramatically increasing prison sentences for both drug dealers and users. The movement started in the s and is still evolving today. Drug trafficking in the United States dates back to the 19th century. From opium to marijuana to cocaine, a variety of substances have been illegally imported, sold and distributed throughout U.

Early Opium Trade in the United As with most anti-drug initiatives, Just Say No—which became an American catch phrase in the s—evoked both support and criticism from the public. The 80s Crack Live TV. This Day In History. The medicinal properties of the cannabis plant have been known for millennia. As far back as BC, cannabis was used to treat a vast array of health problems and was listed in Emperor Shen Nung's pharmacopoeia.

Cannabis has a long and colourful history. The use of cannabis originated in central Asia or western China. Cannabis has been used for its alleged healing properties for millennia. The first documented case of its use dates back to BC, when it was listed in the Emperor Shen Nung's regarded as the father of Chinese medicine pharmacopoeia.

Therapeutic indications of cannabis are mentioned in the texts of the Indian Hindus, Assyrians, Greeks and Romans. These texts reported cannabis to treat a vast array of different health problems, including arthritis, depression, amenorrhea, inflammation, pain, lack of appetite and asthma.

The ancient Hindus thought the medicinal benefits of cannabis were explained by pleasing the gods such as Shiva. Using cannabis in religious rites appeased the gods and hence reduced the fever. Recent scientific evidence provides an alternative explanation of course. Tetrahydrocannabinol THC acts on the hypothalamus to reduce body temperature.

Initiative home Medicinal cannabis History of cannabis The cannabis plant Endocannabinoids Phytocannabinoids. University home. Current students. Staff intranet. Type to search. All content. Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics. Our people. Medicinal cannabis History of cannabis.